How to power ESP32-CAM with 18650 Li-Ion batteries and USB

The ESP32-CAM is a powerful microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and a camera interface, but it can be power-hungry—especially when using Wi-Fi and the onboard camera. If you're looking to make your ESP32-CAM project portable, one of the best power solutions is to use a pair of 18650 Li-ion batteries, along with a USB charging circuit and a boost converter to provide a regulated 5V.

This guide will show you how to do that safely and efficiently.

⚙️ Why 18650 Batteries?

18650 lithium-ion cells are widely available, rechargeable, and offer a high energy density—making them perfect for mobile IoT and embedded systems. Each cell provides a nominal 3.7V, but the ESP32-CAM requires 5V at its input pin. To meet this requirement, we’ll boost the battery voltage to 5V using a step-up (boost) converter.

๐Ÿงฐ Components You’ll Need

Component Description
2× 18650 Li-ion Batteries Preferably with the same brand and capacity
1× TP4056 Charging Module With battery protection (important for safety)
1× MT3608 Boost Converter Adjustable output voltage, input 2–24V
Wires, Soldering Tools, Capacitor (optional) For assembly and stability

๐Ÿ”‹ Why Use Batteries in Parallel?

There are two ways to use two 18650 cells:

  • Series (7.4V): You’ll get double the voltage, but charging requires a special balanced charger, and it’s risky if not done properly.
  • Parallel (3.7V): You get double the capacity at the same voltage and can safely use a simple TP4056 charger.

✅ For safety, simplicity, and USB charging support, we’ll connect the batteries in parallel.

๐Ÿ”Œ Circuit Connection Overview

Here’s how to connect everything:

  1. Connect the batteries in parallel:

    • Positive terminals of both batteries → B+ of TP4056
    • Negative terminals of both batteries → B- of TP4056
  2. Connect the TP4056 output to the boost converter:

    • OUT+ of TP4056 → IN+ of MT3608
    • OUT- of TP4056 → IN- of MT3608
  3. Set the boost converter to 5V:

    • Use a multimeter to adjust the potentiometer on the MT3608
    • Once you get exactly 5.0V, connect it to ESP32-CAM:
      • OUT+ of MT3608 → ESP32-CAM 5V pin
      • OUT- of MT3608 → ESP32-CAM GND pin
  4. (Optional) Add a 470ยตF or 1000ยตF capacitor between 5V and GND near the ESP32-CAM to handle current spikes during Wi-Fi transmission.

๐Ÿ“ Circuit Diagram (Text Format)

The following shows the circuit diagram for the desired power supply design with TP4056 Li-Ion battery charger module, MT3608 boost converter for powering esp32-cam.

esp32 cam TP4056 MT3608 boost converter

⚡ Performance Benefits

Feature Description
Rechargeable Charged via USB Micro on TP4056
Portable Battery-powered operation
Reliable Power Boosted 5V for ESP32-CAM operation
Safe Charging TP4056 includes overcharge/discharge protection
Extended Runtime 2× battery capacity in parallel configuration

⚠️ Important Safety Notes

  • Use protected 18650 cells or ensure the TP4056 module includes battery protection circuitry.
  • Never mix batteries with different capacities or brands.
  • Always check the output voltage from the boost converter before connecting to the ESP32-CAM.
  • If the MT3608 gets hot, consider adding a small heatsink.
  • Avoid powering the ESP32-CAM from the 3.3V pin unless you use a clean and stable external 3.3V regulator.

✅ Conclusion

Using a pair of 18650 Li-ion batteries with a TP4056 USB charging module and an MT3608 boost converter is a powerful and safe way to run the ESP32-CAM off-grid. It’s an excellent solution for portable camera projects, surveillance systems, or mobile IoT setups.

Would you like a visual schematic or printable wiring diagram to add to your blog post? Let me know and I can generate one for you.

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